By using a drill bit sized large enough for the cable.
Cable drop through attic multistories.
There s a 2x4 at the top of the wall with vertical 2x4 studs.
The upstairs room solution is pretty obvious go vertically up through the wall in the computer room into the attic space run the cables to where they need to go then drop then down into the rooms punch them into the back of a wall plate done.
My cable tv is distributed through the attic so it seemed like a good solution to run my home network through there as well.
Step 4 drop the coaxial cable through the holes in the floor until it reaches the connection in the basement.
I have run the odd cable in my house wood frame wallboard by drilling down from the attic into the hollow wall.
Drop the string and catch it in the wall cutout and use that to pull the cable through.
Install coaxial cable cable tv or satellite tv cables concealed in wall spaces from non living spaces above or below.
Use a piece of string that you can add a small weight to such as a steel nut or whatever you can find.
These methods will work for any cable telephone network thermostat power etc.
For single floor homes with a basement the basement may be the best path.